The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.